1、 Viewing Disciplines

這里需要大家注意的是：學(xué)科≠專業(yè)。簡單來說，學(xué)科是就知識體系而言，而專業(yè)是就社會分工而言。一個(gè)專業(yè)可能要求多種學(xué)科的綜合(例如土木工程專業(yè)可能涉及到力學(xué)、地質(zhì)學(xué)、計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)等學(xué)科)，而一個(gè)學(xué)科可在不同專業(yè)領(lǐng)域中應(yīng)用(例如流體力學(xué)學(xué)科可能用于機(jī)械、土木、建筑、航空航天等專業(yè))。

It should be noted that subject ≠ major. Simply put, disciplines are in terms of knowledge systems, while majors are in terms of social division of labor. A major may require a synthesis of multiple disciplines (such as civil engineering, which may involve disciplines such as mechanics, geology, computer science, and technology), while a discipline can be applied in different professional fields (such as fluid mechanics, which may be used in majors such as mechanics, civil engineering, architecture, aerospace, etc.).

學(xué)科排名高，也就意味著這個(gè)學(xué)科的相關(guān)專業(yè)實(shí)力強(qiáng)。在高考志愿填報(bào)時(shí)，大家可以參考教育部學(xué)科評估結(jié)果作為參考依據(jù)。

The high ranking of the discipline means that the relevant professional strength of the discipline is strong. When filling out the college entrance examination application, you can refer to the subject evaluation results of the Ministry of Education as a reference basis.

關(guān)于教育部學(xué)科評估：

Regarding the subject evaluation of the Ministry of Education:

教育部學(xué)科評估結(jié)果按“分檔”方式呈現(xiàn)，將前70%的學(xué)科分9檔公布，其中前2%（或前2名）為A+，2%～5%為A，5%～10%為A-，10%～20%為B+，20%～30%為B，30%～40%為B-，40%～50%為C+，50%～60%為C，60%～70%為C-。排名越高，也就代表學(xué)科實(shí)力越強(qiáng)勁。

The evaluation results of the Ministry of Education's disciplines are presented in a "tiered" manner, with the top 70% of disciplines being published in 9 tiers. The top 2% (or top 2) are A+, 2-5% are A -, 5-10% are A -, 10-20% are B+, 20-30% are B -, 30-40% are B -, 40-50% are C+, 50-60% are C, and 60-70% are C. The higher the ranking, the stronger the disciplinary strength.

二、看學(xué)校改名前的名字

2、 Look at the name of the school before it was renamed

其實(shí)就是看學(xué)校建校時(shí)的名字。一所學(xué)校在建校之初，校名多數(shù)會體現(xiàn)現(xiàn)有專業(yè)或較強(qiáng)專業(yè)。比如：東華大學(xué)其改名前是“中國紡織大學(xué)”，不僅是國字號，而且體現(xiàn)出紡織是優(yōu)勢專業(yè)。所以在服裝設(shè)計(jì)類專業(yè)中，有這樣一句話：北北服南東華。這里的北服是指“北京服裝學(xué)院”，東華即是“東華大學(xué)”。

It actually depends on the name of the school when it was established. At the beginning of a school's establishment, the school name mostly reflects the existing or stronger majors. For example, Donghua University was renamed as "China Textile University", not only a national brand, but also reflects that textile is an advantageous major. So in the field of fashion design, there is a saying: "North North suits South East China. Here, Beifu refers to "Beijing Institute of Fashion", and Donghua refers to "Donghua University".

與此相同的學(xué)校，還有北京科技大學(xué)，其前身是北京鋼鐵工業(yè)學(xué)院。再者，浙江理工大學(xué)，前身是“杭州蠶學(xué)館”，更被譽(yù)為“高等蠶桑學(xué)堂”。

Similar schools include Beijing University of Science and Technology, formerly known as Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel Industry. Furthermore, Zhejiang University of Technology, formerly known as the "Hangzhou Silkworm Academy", is also known as the "Higher Silkworm Academy".

三、看學(xué)校的類別

3、 Look at the categories of schools

“理工類”“師范類”“政法類”“醫(yī)藥類”，面對按照不同學(xué)校優(yōu)勢進(jìn)行分類的大學(xué)，也推薦大家選擇相關(guān)專業(yè)。

For universities classified according to the advantages of different schools, it is also recommended to choose relevant majors such as "science and engineering", "teacher training", "political and legal", and "medicine".

四、看專業(yè)是否有碩博點(diǎn)、看學(xué)校的類別

4、 Check if there are master's and doctoral programs in the major and the types of schools

對于高中生來說，現(xiàn)在討論讀研或讀博似乎還很遙遠(yuǎn)，但如果你所選擇的專業(yè)在本校就有碩士點(diǎn)、博士點(diǎn)，除了可以證明此專業(yè)頗具實(shí)力之外，還可以讓你在以后考研、考博時(shí)有更多的選擇。

For high school students, it may seem like a long way off to discuss pursuing a master's or doctoral degree. However, if your chosen major has a master's or doctoral degree at our university, it not only proves that your major is quite capable, but also provides you with more choices when taking the postgraduate or doctoral entrance examination in the future.